Smart Grid-Ready Communication Protocols And Services For A Customer-Friendly Electromobility Experience

A worldwide increasing interest in technologies which are aiming towards an electrical grid which is able to integrate and control intelligent producers of (renewable) energy, energy storage devices, consumer loads, and network operating equipment through the use of information and communication technology (ICT), a so-called “smart grid”, can be observed worldwide. At the same time, the renaissance of the electric vehicle (EV) as an enabler technology for a more sustainable and a resourcesaving means of transport is very much linked to the smart grid discussion. The breakthrough of electromobility can however only be achieved if the technology and communication flow related to the charging process of an EV is going to be standardised. Little attention has been paid so far in academia to the concrete ICT-based mechanisms and protocols which realize all workflows needed to charge an EV, such as the reservation of charging stations, means for realizing provider-independent charging, charge scheduling, and demand side management. This paper introduces what we consider to be the most promising and currently wide-spread protocols dealing with energy-relevant data of EVs, namely the evolving V2G communication interface standard ISO/IEC 15118, the Open Charge Point Protocol by the E-laad initiative, and Hubject’s Open intercharge Protocol. With a special focus on ISO/IEC 15118, a formal model is developed, mapping the key parameters of ISO/IEC 15118 to account for the relevant hard restrictions imposed by the communicating parties within which a charge scheduling optimization can take place.